Phenolic glycosides from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis and their biological activities / 药学学报

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

Study on the fingerprint of total saponins from Mussaenda pubescens and the spectrum-effect relationship of its hepatoprotective activity / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of total saponins from Mussaenda pubescens， and to study the spectrum- effect relationship of its hepatoprotective activity. METHODS Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens from different origins were prepared using 75% ethanol as solvent. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and the Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to draw the fingerprints of 10 batches of total saponins from M. pubescens. The similarity evaluation and identification of common peaks were conducted. The same HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of five triterpenoid saponins （mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G and mussaendoside O）. The hepatoprotective effect of total saponins from M. pubescens was investigated by establishing carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury model mice， and the spectrum-effect relationship was studied by using grey correlation analysis. RESULTS There were 11 common peaks in 10 batches of total saponins from M. pubescens， 5 of which were identified， i.e. mussaendoside H （peak 3）， mussaendoside U （peak 7）， mussaglaoside C （peak 8）， mussaendoside G （peak 9） and mussaendoside O （peak 11）； the similarities of 10 batches of samples ranged 0.940- 0.991. Average contents of mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G， mussaendoside O were 0.01- 0.05， 0.10-0.21， 0.10-0.18， 0.03-0.08， 0.20-0.40 mg/g， respectively. Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens could generally reduce the contents of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β in liver tissue of model mice （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The E-mail：13878195336@139.com correlation between the common peak areas and the contents of ALT， AST， TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β were 0.602-0.757， 0.585-0.833， 0.593-0.795， 0.618-0.820， 0.607-0.804， respectively； the peaks with high correlation were peaks 11， 9 and 8 in order. CONCLUSIONS Ten batches of total saponins from M. pubescens have similar components， and the average contents of mussaendoside H， mussaendoside U， mussaglaoside C， mussaendoside G and mussaendoside O are different. The batches of samples have a certain degree of hepatoprotective effect； mussaendoside O， mussaendoside G and mussaglaoside C may be its main active components.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of alcesefoliside from Astragalus monspessulanus

Abstract The hepatoprotective potential of alcesefoliside (AF) from Astragalus monspessulanus was investigated. Iron sulphate/ascorbic acid (Fe2+/AA) lipid peroxidation was induced in rat liver microsomes and pre-incubated with AF and silybin (100, 10 and 1 µmol). Pronounced effects were observed in 100 µmol. In vivo experiments were carried out on rats, challenged orally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) alone and after pre-treatment and followed by curative treatment with AF (10 mg/kg). The activity of the serum and antioxidant enzymes, together with reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and malonedialdehyde (MDA) quantity were measured. Microsomal incubation with Fe2+/AA increased MDA production. The pre-incubation with AF reduced the formation of MDA, comparable to silybin. These findings were supported by the in vivo study where CCl4-induced liver damage was discerned by significant increase in serum enzymes and in MDA production as well as by GSH depletion and reduced antioxidant enzymes activity. The AF pre-treatment and consecutive curative treatment normalizes the activity of the serum and antioxidant enzymes alike, as well as the levels of GSH and MDA. Histological examination of AF-treated livers showed a decrease in the abnormal accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes as well as reduced alterative changes in their structure in a model of CCl4-induced toxicity.

Screening of Hepatoprotective Activity Fractions from Ixeris chinensis and Study on Its Chemical Compositions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To screen the hepatoprotective active fractions from Ixeris chinensis and study its chemical constituents. METHODS：The petroleum ether，ethyl acetate，n-butanol and residual water fractions from 70％ ethanol extract of I.chinensis were extracted by systematic solvent method. Human hepatocytes HL-7702 were induced by acetaminophen to induce liver injury model. MTT method was used to detect the protective effect of the above fractions（40 μg/mL，by the dosage of crude drug）on injured cells，and the active fractions were screened. The active fractions were separated and purified by silica gel column and Sephadex column chromatography. The structure of the compounds were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data （hydrogen spectrum，carbon spectrum）. RESULTS：After treated with different fractions of I. chinensis，the cell survival rate of each administration group was increased significantly，compared with model group（P＜0.01），and the n-butanol and water fractions had the strongest activity （the cell survival rates were 49.3％ and 52.2％ ，respectively）. Six compoundswere isolated from n-butanol fraction and identified as sonchifolignan A（Ⅰ），apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside methyl ester（Ⅱ），luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester （Ⅲ），luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （Ⅳ），apigenin-7-O-β-Dglucopyranoside（Ⅴ）and luteolin（Ⅵ）. CONCLUSIONS：The n-butanol fraction is regarded as an effective position for protecting liver，and flavonoids are the main active omponents.KEYWORDS Ixeris chinensis；Hepatoprotective activi

Studies on phenylpropanoids from Eleocharis dulcis and their hepatoprotective activities / 中国中药杂志

To study phenylpropanoids from Eleocharis dulcis and their hepatoprotective activities. The compounds were separated and purified from ethyl acetate part by conventional column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by various spectral techniques. The HL-7702 cells damage model of hepatocytes induced by APAP was used to screen and evaluate the hepatoprotective activities of these compounds. Sixteen compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate part of E. dulcis, and their structures were identified as 6'-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy-phenylpropenyl)-1-(10-methoxy-phenylacetone)-1'-O-β-D-glucopy-ranoside(1), susaroyside A(2), clausenaglycoside B(3), clausenaglycoside C(4), clausenaglycoside D(5), emarginone A(6), emarginone B(7), thoreliin B(8), 4-O-(1',3'-dihydroxypropan-2'-yl)-dihydroconiferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), 2-[4-(3-methoxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol(10), 6'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-coniferin(11), methyl 3-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethoxyphenyl) propanoate(12), clausenaglycoside A(13), 9-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-coniferin(14), 6'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-syringin(15), 2'-O-(E-cinnamoyl)-syringin(16). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, compounds 2 and 8 showed certain hepatoprotective activities.

New triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Ilex chinensis and their hepatoprotective activity / 中国天然药物

Seven new triterpenoid saponins, including five ursane-type saponins, ilexchinenosides R-V (1-5), and two oleanane-type saponins, ilexchinenosides W-X (6-7), with four known triterpenoid saponins (8-11) were isolated from the leaves of Ilex chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. Their sugar moieties were determined by HPLC analysis compared with standards after hydrolysis and derivatization. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 9 and 10 exhibited potential hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced HepG2 cell injury in vitro.

New phenolic constituents obtained from Polygonum multiflorum / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To isolate the phenolic compounds obtained from the dried roots of Polygonum multiflorum and investigate their pharmacological activities. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining them with a macroporous resin (DM-8), MCI gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and by performing ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses, as well as mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated to determine their hepatoprotective and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. Results: Two phenolic compounds, namely, polygonimitin E (1) and polygonimitin F (2), were isolated from the dried roots of P. multiflorum. Compound 2 (10 µmol/L) only showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced HepG2 cell damage. Unfortunately, these two compounds exhibited no α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds. Compound 2 could be one of the potential hepatoprotective constituents of P. multiflorum.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Polygonum equisetiforme methanolic extract

In the current study, the methanolic extract of Polygonum equisetiforme aerial parts was assessed for its protectiveeffect towards carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in Sprague-Dawley rats. Polygonum equisetiformeextract’s hepatoprotective activity was explored by calculating hepatic marker enzyme levels of the rats: alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) together with the oxidative stress mediator levelsas nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxidedismutase (SOD). Results showed that the use of the extract at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed asubstantial reduction in ALT and AST serum levels as well as a considerable decrease in oxidative stress mediators NO,MDA and an increase in antioxidant enzyme levels GSH, GPx, and SOD. These biochemical results were reinforcedby examining the histopathological features of the liver. Thus, the P. equisetiforme aerial parts demonstrated markedprotective impact of the liver that likely due to the synergistic action of its flavonoids content

Curcuma angustifolia ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and Swiss albino rats

Objective: To determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia (MECA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl

Curcuma angustifolia ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and Swiss albino rats

Objective: To determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia (MECA) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in vitro and in vivo. Methods: DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays were performed to estimate the antioxidant effect of MECA. In vitro cytotoxicity of MECA against HepG2 cells was evaluated, whereas serum biochemical parameters and levels of antioxidative enzymes were measured in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, histopathological studies were estimated in order to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of MECA. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of the extract was performed to identify the chemical components. Results: MECA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and attenuated CCl4-induced decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells. Additionally, MECA significantly restored the ALT, AST, ALP, TP and albumin level in comparison with the CCl4 group. After pre-treatment with MECA, effects of SOD, CAT and GSH were increased as well as lipid peroxidation amount decreased on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo model. Furthermore, histopathological observation confirmed that MECA reduced liver injury induced by CCl4 in rats. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents such as α-tocopherol (12.27%), phytol (7.61%), squalene (3.71%), β-sitosterol (2.19%), eugenol (2.59%), curcumenol (1.20%), β-elemene (1.00%) and eucalyptol (0.89%). Conclusions: MECA contains antioxidant and hepatoprotective constituents such asa-tocopherol, phytol, squalene and eugenol and exerts hepatoprotective effect both in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Pavetta Indica Linn leaves

Background: Traditionally, the bark of Pavetta Indica Linn., in decoction or pulverized, is administered, especially to children, to correct visceral obstructions. The decocted leaves are used externally to alleviate the pains caused by hemorrhoids. The root, pulverized and mixed with the ginger and rice-water, is given in dropsy. A local fomentation with the leaves is useful in relieving the pain of piles. Paracetamol (PCM) toxicity generates free radicals and raised serum enzyme levels-SGPT, SGOT, Alkaline Phosphatase and S. Albumin. It causes necrosis, congested vessels, multifocal area of fatty changes nuclear disintegration, sinusoidal dilation, kuffer cell hyperplasia. The reverse is considered as the index of hepatoprotective activity. The present study is being taken up to screen hepatoprotective action of P. Indica Linn.Methods: The acute liver damage in albino rats was induced by per oral administration of a single dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. PCM suspension in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and chronic liver damage by giving the same dose of PCM on the 7th day. The hepatoprotective activity was monitored biochemically by estimating S. transaminase, S. bilirubin and S. Protein on the 8th day of experiment.Results: Ethanol extract of P. Indica inhibited PCM induced liver toxicity in albino rats at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg b.w as assessed by the biochemical values.Conclusions: Ethanol extract of “P. Indica” exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity.

Hepatoprotective activity of Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) aerial parts against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents and analysis of polyphenolic compounds by HPTLC / 药物分析学报

Macrothelypteris torresiana is a fern species belonging to the family Thelypteridaceae. The present study was conducted to evaluate hepatoprotective potential of ethanol extract from M. torresiana aerial parts (EEMTAP) and detect the polyphenolic compounds present in the extract using high performance thin layerchromatography (HPTLC). Hepatoprotective potential of EEMTAP were tested at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, per os (p.o.), on Wistar albino rats. The extract and silymarin treated animal groups showed significant decrease in activities ofdifferent biochemical parameters like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which were elevated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication. The levels of total bilirubin and total protein along with the liver weight were also restoredto normalcy by EEMTAP and silymarin treatment. After CCl4 administration, the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were decreased whereas the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was elevated. The levels of these hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also brought to normalcy by EEMTAP and silymarin treatment. Histological studies supported the biochemical findings, and treatment with EEMTAP at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o. was found to be effective in restoring CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A simple HPTLC analysis was conducted for the detection of polyphenolic compounds in EEMTAP, and the result revealed the presence of caffeic acid as phenolic acid and quercetin as flavonoid. The proposed HPTLC method is simple and concise and provides a good resolution of caffeic acid and quercetin from other constituents present in EEMTAP.

Flavonoids from Capsella bursa-pastoris and their hepatoprotective activities in vitro

ABSTRACT Two new flavonoids (1 and 2), named 4',7-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-8-prenylflavonoid and 4',7-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-6,8-diprenylflavonoid, together with seven known flavonoids (3–9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Brassicaceae, for the first time. The chemical structures of the purified compounds (1–9) were identified by their spectroscopic data and references. Moreover, compounds (1–9) were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activities against D-galactosamine induced toxicity in WB-F344 cells by using a MTT colorimetric method. As a result, compounds 2, 3, 6, and 9 (10 µM) exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities.

Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides from the aerial parts of

Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides named cuneataside E () and cuneataside F (), were isolated from the aerial parts of(Dum. Cours.) G. Don, whose structures wereandisomer, respectively. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Inbioassays at 10 μmol/L, compoundshowed moderate hepatoprotective activity against-acetyl--aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HeG2 cells.

Screening of flavonoids rich fractions of three Indian medicinal plants used for the management of liver diseases

ABSTRACTThe decoctions of the Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub., Fabaceae, Bauhinia variegata L., Fabaceae, and Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae, are traditionally used for the treatment of various types of hepatic disorder. Phytochemical studies have shown that total flavonoids from these plants were the major constituents of the picked out part of each plant. The present study was planned to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of flavonoid rich fractions of the B. monosperma, B. variegata and O. gratissimum against paracetamol induced liver damage. Flavonoid rich fractions were isolated by solvent fractionation from each plant. Each fraction was subjected to various qualitative chemical tests to findout the metabolites. Flavonoid fractions of each plant were subjected for pharmacological screening. The rats were monitored for change in liver morphology, biochemical parameters like serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin for the groups receiving the flavonoid-rich fractions. All flavonoid rich fractions showed significant hepatoprotective activity. The histological studies supported the biochemical parameters. From the results of biochemical analysis and histopathological studies, it can be accomplished that in the ethyl acetate fraction of O. gratissimum showed highest hepatoprotective activity as compared to other fractions. The present study was the first evidence of flavonoid-rich fractions of each plant have a remarkable hepatoprotective effect. All fractions contain a potent hepatoprotective agent suggested to be a flavone, which may find clinical application in amelioration of paracetamol-induced liver damage.

Hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta alba against carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

Background: Despite the tremendous scientific advancement in the field of gastroenterology over the recent years, there is not even a single effective allopathic medication available for the treatment of liver disorders. Hence, the study was conducted to elucidate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of traditional medicinal plant Eclipta alba against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in male albino rats. Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extracts of E. alba was evaluated by biochemical parameters such as serum alanine transferases (ALT), serum aspartate transferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin, and serum protein, and confirmed by histopathology of liver. The hepatotoxic agent CCl4 was used to induce liver toxicity and silymarin was used as a control drug. The aqueous extracts of E. alba were administered at the doses of 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day orally for 4 days. One-way Analysis of Variance was used for the statistical analysis of data. A probability value of p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: E. alba administration at doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg orally demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity by preventing the increase of ALT, AST, ALP, and serum bilirubin and also confirmed by histopathology of the liver. The results were comparable to that of silymarin. Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of E. alba at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, the dose adjustments may be necessary to optimize the similar hepatoprotective efficacy in clinical settings.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia diffusa against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in albino rats.

Background: Modern allopathic medicine has very little to offer for the treatment of liver disorders in spite of consistent effort for new drug discovery. Hence, this study was conducted to elucidate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of traditional medicinal plant Boerhaavia diffusa against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity in male albino rats. Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extracts of B. diffusa was evaluated by biochemical parameters such as serum alanine transferases (ALT), serum asparate transferases (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin, and serum protein, and confirmed by histopathology of liver. The toxicant CCl4 was used to induce hepatotoxicity and silymarin were used as control drug. The aqueous extracts of B. diffusa were administered at the doses of 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day orally for 4 days. One-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of data. A probability value of p<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Administration of B. diffusa at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg orally demonstrated hepatoprotective activity by preventing the increase of ALT, AST, ALP, and serum bilirubin and also confirmed by histopathology of the liver. The results were comparable to that of silymarin®. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extracts of B. diffusa at doses of 250 mg/kg/and 500 mg/kg/against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, the dose adjustments may be necessary to optimize the similar hepatoprotective efficacy in clinical settings.

Effects of polysaccharides from six different dendrobium species against alcohol-induced subacute liver injury in mice / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of six different polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP'), D. fimbriatum (DFP), D. chrysotoxum (DCP), D. nobile (DNF) and D. moniliforme (DMP) against alcohol-induced subacute liver injury in mice. METHODS: The mice were randomized into the normal control, alcohol control, positive control and Dendrobium treatment groups. Dendrobium treatment groups were divided into different sub-groups, which were intragastrically administered with high(200 mg · kg-1), middle(100 mg · kg-1) and low(50 mg · kg-1) dosages of six Dendrobium polysaccharides for 30 d, respectively. The positive control group were orally administrated with Lyceum barbarum polysaccharides (200 mg · kg-1 b. w) for 30 d. The normal control and alcohol control groups were fed with distilled water at the same volume as polysaccharide for 30 d. On the 16th day, the mice in all groups except the normal control group were intragastrically administered with alcohol(30%, V/V, 10 mL · kg-1) once a day for 14 d to induce subacute liver injury. After the last administration, the mice were fasted for 4 h and euthanized with pentobarbital solution for body weight measurement, blood sampling from abdominal aorta and liver tissue sampling. Then, serum biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were analyzed and hepatic biochemical parameters including TC, TG, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, GR, GST), glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined. Meanwhile, the histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed and the mRNA expression of hepatic CYP2E1, TNF-α and IL-1β in mice were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the alcohol control group, different polysaccharides from six Dendrobium species showed different hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced liver injury. Among all tested polysaccharides, DHP and DOP possessed the highest potential for protecting the liver from hepatotoxicity caused by alcohol intake, which was evidenced by the decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL, TC, TG and LDL-C in serum and TC, TG, MDA, CYP2E1, TNF-α and IL-1β in hepatic tissues, the increased levels of HDL-C in serum and SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, GR, GST, GSH, ADH and ALDH in hepatic tissues, and the ameliorated histopathological changes of hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION: DHP and DOP can protect against hepatotoxicity caused by alcohol intake in mice by inhibition of hepatic oxidative damage and inflammatory damage. The differences of hepatoprotective effects between different Dendrobium polysaccharides might be related to their differences in chemical structures including molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkages.

PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILLICHOL ON BILE SECRETION AND / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Varieties of plants and lyophilized bovine bile have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of various countries. Following many articles note on the benefi cial effects of lyophilized bovine bile particularly on the wound healing and gastric protection effects, there is paucity of reports in literature on its effects on a bile secretion, a bile bilirubin, bile cholesterol and a plasma cholesterol levels. Sillichol contains lyophilizedbovine bile, liver hydrolisate, yarrow extract and silymarin. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of bile fl ow, bile bilirubin concentration bile cholesterol level and hepatoprotective of Sillichol. Sixteen adult male wistar rats (weighing between 200-250 gr) were used in the study. They were randomly assigned into control and sillichol group comprising 4 in each group. Thereafter, they were weighed and anaesthetized with ketamine (2ml/200gr body weight) muscle leg and quickly pinned to a dissecting board. Laparotomy was performed and liver lobes were defl ected anterolaterally to expose the common bile duct. The common bile duct was cannulated with a portex cannula (0.5 mm diameter) after a semitransection was made on the bile duct. The cannuls was held in place with thread tied over it and around the bile duct.The bile was collected for 8 hours from each rat studied according to method of Rozuet Jousse. The rate of bile fl ow was noted, the volume of bilirubin, bile cholesterol levels were determined in the control and test groups. Moreover, total of 18 wistar rats (200-250 gr) were obtainedfrom laboratory house of Drug research institute and acclimated for 10 days before starting the experiment. Liver toxicity was induced by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4, 0.4 ml/100gr), 1:1 diluted with paraffi n oil, for four successive days of the experiment (N.P.Scakun et al, 1983). The rats were divided randomly into 3 groups comprising 6 rats in each group and fed the same diet throughout the experimental period. Mean values of bile cholesterol and bilirubinlevels, rate of bile secretion in the control and sillichol group. Bile cholesterol levels were signifi cantly decreased in the sillichol group compared with the control group (60.3±0.88 mg/dl vs 62.6±1.21mg/dl, p<0.05). Rate of bile secretion was signifi cantly increased in the experimental compared with the control group(10.21±0.25 ml/8hr vs 4.18±0.25 ml/8hr, p<0.05). Total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugatedbilirubin concentrations in both sillichol and control groups were not signifi cantly different (p<0.01). The activities of GOT, GPT and ALP were estimated in serum samples as the liver function biomarkers using biochemical diagnostic test. The CCL4 treatment markedly affected the liverspecifi c enzymes. It was found that a signifi cant (p<0.05) increase in serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities of CCL4 treated rats. After the treats, hepatic biomarkers were elevated in the serum due to release of the enzymes from damaged liver. GOT (69.8±1.5), GPT (103.9±1.2), ALP (23.8±0.2) and Cholesterol (67.7±13.6) andtriglyceride (64.0±3.3) levels weredecreasedsignifi cantly (p<0.05) in the sillichol groupcompared with the control group. Silichol is decreasing concentration of cholesterol and bilirubin’s level in bile, constantly after administration of drug. Also, liverpreparation is increasing bile acid secretion in hepatocytes and a speed of secretion.From the results of pharmacological study concluded that involves CCL4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver preparation has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaves extract of Rostellularia procumbens by using carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

Background: Rostelluria procumbens is a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of asthma, cough and constipation and as an antioxidant etc. it is rich in phytochemical compounds, which are responsible for its biological properties. The present study focused on evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of R. procumbens leaf in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxocity in rats. Methods: In this study, 30 wistar rats were used and grouped into 6 each group contain 6 rats. In this study, CCl4 is used as hepatotoxin. Four groups were treated with CCl4 and taken as disease control, standard, and two test groups. One group was taken as control treated with saline. Blood samples were collected and estimated serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, which are key markers of liver function. The rats were sacrificed and livers were isolated and histopatological studies carried out. Results: On oral administration of methanolic leaves extract of R. procumbens to ethanol intoxicated, rats resulted in significant restoration of enzyme levels and also silymarin at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The reversal of increased serum enzymes in ethanol-induced liver damage by the extract may be due to the prevention of leakage of intracellular enzymes by its membrane stabilizing activity. Conclusion: The results confirm that R. procumbens have hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and significant hepatoprotection seen at 500 mg/kg dose.